Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *k`umV ( ~-o-)

Meaning: weak, lean

Russian meaning: слабый, тощий

Mongolian: *komur, *komsa

Tungus-Manchu: *xum-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ùńe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn, get burnt

Russian meaning: гореть, подгорать

Turkic: *köń-

Mongolian: *köɣe

Korean: *kɨ̀ńɨ̀r-

Japanese: *kuànkàra-

Comments: The Jpn. form reflects a suffixed *k`ùńe-KV-.

Proto-Altaic: *k`uŋgo (~-o-)

Meaning: to freeze, snow

Russian meaning: замерзать, снег

Mongolian: *kuŋgar- / *küŋger-

Tungus-Manchu: *xuŋ-da-

Japanese: *kǝnkǝ(r)-

Comments: The Jpn. form may be alternatively compared with PTM *gekti- 'to freeze' (ТМС 1, 178). {Cf. PE *qǝnu 'slush ice' ?}

Proto-Altaic: *k`[ú]ŕa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pole; finger, toe

Russian meaning: палка; палец

Turkic: *K[a]ŕguk

Mongolian: *kuruɣu, *-gu

Tungus-Manchu: *xurū

Korean: *kàràk

Comments: EAS 88, 113, Цинциус 1984, 118, Дыбо 316-317. The Turkic vowel is not quite clear: cf. the variant *Kuŕguk; perhaps the forms reveal a variation *Kuŕgak / *Kaŕguk in early Turkic.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ùre

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: basket

Russian meaning: корзина

Turkic: *Küri-

Tungus-Manchu: *xurid-

Korean: *kórí

Japanese: *kuà

Comments: Whitman 1985, 148. The Jpn. form is derived from a suffixed *k`ùr(e)-gV. Cf. *kúra(mV).

Proto-Altaic: *k`uŕe ( ~ -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of fur animal

Russian meaning: вид животного с мехом

Turkic: *Küŕen

Mongolian: *kürene

Tungus-Manchu: *xur-

Comments: Лексика 163. A Western isogloss. Note also similar names for 'squirrel' in Mong. (keremü; borrowed in Evk. keremun etc., see Doerfer MT 123) and Siberian Turkic languages (Khak. körǝk, Yak. kürǯügäs etc., borrowed in Kalm. kȫrǝg, see KW 243, VEWT 293).

Proto-Altaic: *k`úrgo ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: intestine, belly

Russian meaning: кишки, живот

Turkic: *Kurg-sak

Mongolian: *kurkag

Tungus-Manchu: *xurke-

Korean: *kùrǝ̀i

Comments: KW 188, Лексика 278. The medial cluster behaves not quite regularly because of assimilation (in Mong., where *kurkag < *kurgag, and in TM, where *xurke < *xurge).

Proto-Altaic: *k`[ŭ]ri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to rake up

Russian meaning: сгребать

Turkic: *küre-

Mongolian: *kura-, *kurija-

Tungus-Manchu: *xeri- / *xeru-

Japanese: *kur-

Comments: EAS 97, KW 248, Poppe 79, Цинциус 1984, 121-122. The etymology seems quite probable, although the TM vocalism is not clear (a result of some contamination?). For Jpn., however, cf. alternatively PA *kū̀rV 'to cut out' or PA *k`uli 'dig' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`usa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of tree (cedar, oak)

Russian meaning: вид дерева (кедр, дуб)

Mongolian: *kusi

Tungus-Manchu: *xusikta

Japanese: *kasi

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 118. Cf. *kušu. Cf. also Kor. kasi 'acorn' (if not < Jpn.).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ut`V ( ~ -o-, -t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to itch, scab

Russian meaning: чесаться, зудеть

Turkic: *Kotur

Tungus-Manchu: *xutu-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. See Цинциус 1984, 99-100. {PT also has *Kɨ̄tɨk- 'to tickle', see Egorov 102.}.

Proto-Altaic: *k`uǯV

Meaning: trace, to follow

Russian meaning: след, следовать

Mongolian: *koǯi-

Tungus-Manchu: *xuǯa

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`uǯV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: part of stomach, bladder

Russian meaning: часть желудка, мочевой пузырь

Mongolian: *kuǯirkaj

Tungus-Manchu: *xuǯük

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀čV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of star

Russian meaning: вид звезды

Turkic: *Kučɨk

Tungus-Manchu: *xōsi-kta

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. For Nostratic parallels (Ural. *kVnśV, PIE *g'hweisdh- 'star') see Sinor 1973, 392-393 (but Mong. hodun should of course be kept apart), Долгопольский 1965, 263.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀jlu ( ~ -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ear; to hear

Russian meaning: ухо; слышать

Turkic: *Kul-kak

Mongolian: *kul-ki

Tungus-Manchu: *xūl-

Korean: *kúi

Japanese: *kí-k-

Comments: AKE 11, EAS 142, KW 196, Poppe 18, 75, АПиПЯЯ 52-53, 276, Дыбо 14, Лексика 205. The Mong. form can hardly be explained as a Turk. loanword (despite Щербак 1997, 143; Doerfer in TMN 4, 296 writes: "...unsicher"). Cf. Ordos xulugu 'the ear of animal', Khalkha xulgavč 'eared cap'. The Jpn. form has an irregular high tone (Turk., Tung. and Kor. pointing unanimously to * ̀); this, as well as the vowel -i- is probably due to a contraction. Medial *-jl- has to be reconstructed to account for -i- in Korean.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀ĺa (~-o,-u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of big bird

Russian meaning: вид большой птицы

Turkic: *Kuĺ

Mongolian: *kuladu

Tungus-Manchu: *xōlī

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 281, Дыбо 9, Лексика 168. A Western isogloss. The Turk. form can also be compared with PTM *kila- "a k. of aquatic bird" or *kulV- id.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀ńi ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: knot, to tie knots

Russian meaning: узел, завязывать узлы

Mongolian: *küjir

Tungus-Manchu: *xūńē-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. In other languages cf. perhaps: OT köndegü 'necklace' (EDT 730).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū́ŕkV

Meaning: glowing coals

Russian meaning: раскаленные уголья

Turkic: *kȫŕ

Tungus-Manchu: *xurk-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. A Turk.-Mong. derivative of this root may be the name of 'lead', PT *Korguĺ(č)in (see Лексика 407-408, ЭСТЯ 6, 172-174 ), Mong. qorɣalǯi, qorɣolči. If this is the case, there is no need to assume a borrowing either in Turk. < Mong. (despite Лексика ibid.), or in Mong. < Turk. (despite TMN 3, 453, Щербак 1997, 141).

Proto-Altaic: *k`V̀sá ( ~ k-, g-, -č-)

Meaning: hat, umbrella

Russian meaning: шляпа, зонтик

Korean: *kás

Japanese: *kàsá

Comments: EAS 155. Cf. also MKor. kòs-kár 'hat'. Formally this Kor.-Jpn. isogloss may be derived from PA *k`i̯ū̀ča 'skin from animal's paw' (if the original meaning is postulated as 'skin covering'?); however, until some additional information is available, we prefer to keep these two etyma apart.

Proto-Altaic: *la-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: on this side, near

Russian meaning: по эту сторону, близко

Mongolian: *naɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *la-kV, *la-ŋ

Korean: *njǝk

Comments: ТМС 1, 488, АПиПЯЯ 293. Originally a monosyllabic deictic root with directive affixes.

Proto-Altaic: *làbò

Meaning: more, better

Russian meaning: больше, лучше

Turkic: *jaba

Mongolian: *lab / *naj

Tungus-Manchu: *lab-du

Korean: *năboi

Japanese: *nàpǝ́

Comments: SKE 162, Martin 226, АПиПЯЯ 68, Doerfer MT 144 (Mo < TM).